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Local and regional flaps have long been used for reconstruction in the head and neck. Due to the extensive blood supply in the head and neck, these flaps are generally safe and predictable. Smaller procedures, such as the facial artery myomuscular flap (FAMM flap), platysma flap, tongue flap, paramedian forehead, and nasolabial flaps, can be used when the defect does not call for large tissue mass. In addition, these flaps are relatively easy and quick and are capable of being performed by most oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Larger procedures, such as the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi flap, can be used as primary reconstructive flaps in patients not suited for free flap reconstruction or as salvage procedures after failure of free flaps.
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