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In this book, Chapter One reviews the literature about the use of probiotics in periodontal disease, including in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, in order to improve the understanding of probiotics’ role in periodontal disease and discusses the effectiveness of their use as a therapy for periodontitis. Chapter Two studies the model of periodontitis induction by ligature and presents a protocol for performing it in rats and mice, based on the experience of the authors’ research group, to guide researchers who wish to develop the model. Chapter Three focuses on nutritional and systemic risk factors for periodontitis, focusing on modifiable common risk factors that also impact cardiometabolic disease, which can be targeted through oral and medical health professionals for improving periodontal and cardiometabolic health. Chapter Four discusses the main manifestations of gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and periodontal disease resulting from systemic diseases. In addition, the authors discuss the treatment options, highlighting the conventional periodontal therapy, systemic administration of antibiotics, and surgical treatments. Table of Contents: - Probiotics and Periodontal Disease
(Barbara Maria Corrêa Geraldo, Felipe Eduardo de Oliveira, Luciane Dias de Oliveira and Ana Lia Anbinder, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil) - The Ligature-induced Periodontitis Model: Literature Overview and Description of the Technique
(Juliana Bueno Santana, Renata Mendonça Moraes, Elis Andrade de Lima Zutin, Gabriela de Fátima Santana Melo, Gilson Cesar Nobre Franco, and Ana Lia Anbinder, Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis. Institute of Science and Technology. Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP. São José dos Campos. São Paulo, Brazil, and others) - Modifiable Systemic Factors for Periodontal Disease Prevention and Management
(Kaumudi Joshipura and Oelisoa M. Andriankaja, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, and School of Dental Medicine, Puerto Rico) - Current Concepts about Periodontal Disease and Relationship with Systemic Diseases
(Gustav Guimarães, Mariane M. Azuma, Maria R. F. S. G. Guimarães, Eloi Dezan-Júnior, and Luciano T. A. Cintra, Department of Periodontics, São Lucas University, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil, and others)
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