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Surgical approaches to the apical areas of teeth have been known since antiquity. The problem of inadequate root canal therapy led some dental surgeons to approach the diseased root apex from the apical and rather than by an approach via the root canal from the coronal end. It must be emphasized that the primary treatment of the nonvital tooth relies on conventional endodontic techniques only when this treatment has failed, or in a few elected cases, should endodontic surgery be considered. The design of flaps in endodontic surgery is of prime importance. As the surgical site is very limited and the mucosa on the alveolus is bound down, once the incision is made it is difficult to modify or change it. Careful thought should therefore be given to all factors that may have a bearing on the flap design. On the completion of surgery, patients should be informed of possible post operative sequelae and given full instructions regarding postoperative care.
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews:
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 Don't buy it You are going to hate it, November 30, -0001
By A Customer
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. The worst book I bought in my entire career as a dentist and as periodoncista.El book not worth neither to look not contain color photos biblografia is still the worst and the material it is made even worse. I bought about eight or nine books on Amazon have no complaints but this book has been a total disappointment, do not buy would be a bad investment and amazon people should not sell this book is a scam. I forgot the price almost seventy misspent dollars, at most costs 10 dolares.Unfortunally I can not return,it I live in Peru and one patient had the courtesy to bring it to me.
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